African human trypanosomiasis (AHTS) is a parasitic disease found exclusively on the African continent between latitudes 15° north and 20° south. Its common name, "sleeping sickness," often obscures its extreme severity, which is characterized by meningoencephalitis that is invariably fatal if left untreated.(...) In France, where the bioclimatic conditions are unfavorable for the establishment of the vector (tsetse fly), indigenous transmission does not occur, except in the event of accidental exposure. It is an imported disease. Apart from a few publications on sporadic cases, there is little epidemiological data on HAT in France. The aim of this study was to compile a list of HAT cases observed in France over the past twenty-five years (1980–2004).