How is the population distributed across the country? Profound changes have taken place over the past 30 years. Today, 241 major urban areas account for 80% of the population. Outside major urban centers, the gap is widening between semi-urban and rural areas that are thriving and large rural areas experiencing depopulation. Demographic changes are accompanied by social disparities that concentrate the most disadvantaged populations in peripheral areas, both urban and rural. The map of vulnerable territories has thus been profoundly reshaped.