Should France reintroduce home births for low-risk pregnancies? Should it expand birth centers where midwives play the leading role? The Netherlands has done so; one in three births takes place at home. Madeleine Akrich analyzes the Dutch system and concludes that France should take inspiration from it. This requires recognizing the skills of midwives as “natural birth attendants.” And it calls into question the prerogatives of obstetrician-gynecologists.