The dengue outbreaks in 2004 and the chikungunya outbreaks in 2005–2007 demonstrated the role of the Aedes albopictus mosquito as a vector on Réunion. The widespread presence of this vector on the island necessitates focusing vector control efforts on urban areas, where this species primarily colonizes anthropogenic larval habitats. During the 2005–2007 chikungunya epidemic, the plan to combat Aedes albopictus was based on three components: entomological surveillance, VCT, and community mobilization. It evolved significantly in response to the epidemiological context. This article describes its major phases and how they evolved over the course of the epidemic. (R.A.)