In 2006, a vaccination campaign using the MenBvac® vaccine was launched in Seine-Maritime by the Ministry of Health to combat a hyperendemic outbreak of invasive meningococcal infections. This campaign was still ongoing in 2011. Over time, campaign organizers observed a decline in vaccination uptake among certain populations. In 2011, a case-control study was conducted in Seine-Maritime by Cire Normandie among a representative sample of individuals aged 2 to 24 years eligible for MenBvac® vaccination, to identify factors contributing to non-vaccination among unvaccinated individuals. The identified factors provided avenues for improving the management of the vaccination campaign. A total of 352 questionnaires were analyzed. Differences emerged between unvaccinated and vaccinated respondents regarding factors already mentioned in the literature, namely gender (men were less likely to be vaccinated), age (older individuals, up to age 24, were less likely to be vaccinated), socioeconomic status (individuals classified as affluent were more likely to be vaccinated), and number of children (individuals living in households with more children were more likely to be vaccinated). Furthermore, the incidence of the disease was lower at the time of enrollment among unvaccinated individuals than among vaccinated individuals, and unvaccinated individuals ranked meningitis below other health risks, whereas vaccinated individuals reported being more exposed to health risks (e.g., cancer, AIDS, influenza) than other residents of Seine-Maritime. The epidemiological context and risk perception were therefore factors contributing to non-adherence to vaccination. Finally, unvaccinated survey respondents more often stated that they would have preferred their primary care physician to have had the option to administer the MenBvac® vaccine. Private practitioners were included in the campaign’s vaccination program starting in 2012.