Paris had the highest tuberculosis incidence rate in France in 2002, at 54.1 cases per 100,000 people—five times the national rate. High rates are found in major urban areas of many Western European countries where the incidence of tuberculosis is low. These high rates can be explained by the concentration of people at risk for tuberculosis: migrants from countries with high prevalence, people infected with HIV, and homeless people. Between June 1999 and May 2000, a systematic radiological screening for tuberculosis was conducted in the Samusocial de Paris shelters with the assistance of the Directorate of Social Action, Children, and Health (DASES). It involved 663 people and detected 9 cases of contagious tuberculosis (1.4%). Furthermore, during the same period, 28 cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed in individuals presenting symptoms. The difficulties in providing therapeutic care for these 37 patients (a failure rate of nearly 50%) led to the formalization of the principles and procedures for a team dedicated to this task. In late 2000, a mobile tuberculosis control team (EMLT) was established with the objective of providing therapeutic follow-up for homeless individuals through a networked approach. (R.A.)