The introduction in September 2015 of over-the-counter HIV self-tests in pharmacies was intended to help increase testing rates, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM), for whom the current recommendation is to get tested every three months. In 2016, approximately 75,000 self-tests were sold without any known information about the buyers’ characteristics. The objective of this article is to describe the characteristics of MSM who used a self-test during their most recent HIV screening and the factors associated with this use. The data come from the Rapport au sexe survey, a cross-sectional, anonymous, self-administered, and voluntary online survey. At the beginning of 2017, 5.0% of MSM surveyed had used a self-test during their most recent HIV screening. These MSM had very different profiles: young men who had never been tested but were interested in non-medical testing tools, men reporting high levels of sexual activity who were already familiar with testing, and MSM reluctant to visit health centers. These results demonstrate the value of this tool and argue for wider availability, including secondary distribution. The latter, which involves redistributing a self-test to one’s partners and acquaintances, should be evaluated given that it could promote broader dissemination of the self-test and that this tool could play a more significant role in the French screening system.