The authors provide a brief overview of the findings of previous studies regarding the health behaviors of rural populations, their motivations, perceptions of health (related to the ability to work), and life expectancy, as compared to other socio-professional groups. They present the 1995 Health Barometer survey conducted by the CFES, in collaboration with the Mutualité sociale agricole, which was analyzed using a population-based approach (populations in rural municipalities comprising farmers and former farmers). Analysis of the survey provides insights into farmers’ quality of life (physical, mental, and social health). Their health behaviors are compared to those of non-rural residents and former farmers, particularly regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, breakfast intake, visits to the doctor or general practitioner, hepatitis B vaccination, and, for women, use of mammograms and Pap smears. This reveals the positive effects of a less intense pace of life, the high level of medicalization of lifestyle habits, and preventive behaviors (screening, vaccination) among rural residents, who also have better mental well-being.