Introduction.—As part of the 2010–2014 Strategic Action Plan for Persons Under Judicial Supervision, INPES conducted a study in 2010, with the assistance of a working group, to assess the conditions under which prevention and health education (EPS) initiatives are implemented in correctional facilities. Methods.- A questionnaire was sent to all health units (US, formerly UCSA). Among other things, this questionnaire focused on the organization of prevention initiatives, their number, their types, and the identified barriers and enablers. Results.- The response rate was 63%. HSE initiatives were carried out in 85% of the responding institutions. A steering committee existed in less than half of the institutions. An HSE program had been developed in 68% of the responding institutions. In 90% of cases, the initiatives were carried out by the healthcare units alone or in collaboration with other partners. Regional health agencies funded or co-funded 40% of the initiatives, and healthcare facilities funded 36%. Among the challenges identified, 51% of respondents cited a lack of staff time, and 42% cited funding difficulties. The quality of cooperation with the prison administration is a facilitating factor for nearly 40% of respondents. Involvement of inmates in defining the initiatives remains low. Conclusions.—The survey response rate is good and reflects the teams’ commitment to this issue despite the difficulties encountered in implementing PE initiatives, which still appear inconsistent. The recommendations resulting from the survey have been disseminated at the national, regional, and local levels and aim to improve the structuring of PE programs in correctional settings. The upcoming development of an intervention framework could serve as an additional structuring tool for all stakeholders in this field. Paper cited in the "Revue épidémiologique et de santé publique" in Supplement 4, Volume 61.