Health screenings in preschool allow for early detection, but in the absence of a national protocol, their implementation and epidemiological analysis vary from one department to another in the Hauts-de-France region, as shown by a study conducted there. The study highlights their undeniable value: more than 20,000 children are referred to healthcare professionals each year. It also highlights the need to standardize tools, practices, and data collection and analysis to ensure equitable and effective prevention and to adjust public policies for early childhood.