Surveillance of rubella infections in pregnant women and congenital rubella was established in France in 1976 through the Rénarub laboratory network. Its purpose is to assess the impact of the rubella vaccination policy and progress toward the elimination of congenital rubella by 2010. Laboratory professionals report maternal rubella infections with positive IgM results and diagnoses of congenital infections in the fetus or newborn to the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance. Clinicians who monitored the pregnancy also submit additional data (demographic, biological, clinical) to classify cases according to the infectious status of the woman, the fetus, and/or the child. Between 1997 and 2006, 324 maternal infections were diagnosed and reported to Rénarub. These resulted in the birth of 33 children with congenital rubella syndrome and 86 medical terminations of pregnancy. The analysis shows a decrease in the ratio of maternal infections to live births (LB) over this period, as it fell from 11.9 per 105 in 1997 to 7.7 per 105 in 2000 and to 0.4 per 105 in 2006. The incidence rate of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) recorded by the network also decreased, falling from 1.1 per 105 live births in 1997 to 1.0 in 2000, and was zero for the first time in 2006. The decrease in the ratio of maternal infections to live births was observed across all age groups, but remains highest among young women aged 15–19 (19.1 per 105 between 2001 and 2006). Despite a zero annual incidence rate of RCM in 2006, the occurrence of about ten maternal infections per year since 2003 indicates residual circulation of the virus, particularly among young adults. Efforts must continue to increase vaccination coverage among children and strengthen catch-up vaccination among non-immune adolescents and young women. (R.A.)