In France, there is no routine system for collecting vaccination coverage (VC) data among young people over the age of 15. However, the few studies published on this population indicate that VC is generally insufficient. Since 2011, the Groupe d’études en préventologie (GEP) has developed the electronic vaccination record (CVE) on MesVaccins.net. In Aquitaine, we conducted a pilot study of the CVE among young people participating in the Defense and Citizenship Days (JDC) to estimate vaccination coverage in this population. This study was carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Defense, the Aquitaine Regional Health Agency, the GEP, the Regional Union of Healthcare Professionals (URPS) for private practitioners in Aquitaine, and Santé publique France. The main objective of this study was to estimate the vaccination coverage of 16- to 18-year-olds participating in the JDC in Aquitaine based on the CVE. Data collection took place from March to October 2013. Each young person summoned to the JDC during this period received a letter explaining the process for creating and validating their CVE, and asking them to bring copies of their vaccination record to the JDC. After obtaining the young people’s consent, the CVEs were validated by healthcare professionals. The vaccination history for eight vaccines (BCG, DTP, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, MMR, hepatitis B, meningococcal C, human papillomavirus) was estimated as of the survey date and based on the age at vaccination. Among the 18,714 young people participating in the JDC during the study period, 9,636 agreed to the creation of a CVE. In total, 2,781 CVEs were created and validated. In 2013, at the time of the survey, the vaccination coverage (VC) among these adolescents was over 90% for DTP, BCG, and MMR, and approximately 82% for pertussis. Vaccination coverage was insufficient for HBV, HPV, and meningococcal C but high compared to other nationally available data sources. This study also provided accurate vaccination coverage rates at the various recommended ages, which were mostly consistent with other available data sources. The JDC, which are mandatory, represent a valuable opportunity to collect information on young people’s health, including their vaccination status. Finally, in the context of this study, the CVE proved to be a useful tool for estimating vaccination coverage. However, it is still rarely used in the general population. Santé publique France has undertaken to evaluate the utility and validity of the MesVaccins.net CVE for measuring and monitoring vaccination coverage in the general population.