For nearly two centuries, vaccination has been an essential means of preventing infectious diseases and has greatly contributed to reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with them. General practitioners play a pivotal role in vaccinating the population in France. Nearly all of the doctors surveyed as part of the panel of community-based general practitioners support vaccination in general, and the vast majority trust official sources (health authorities and agencies). However, one-third of them prefer to rely on their own judgment, and doctors do not always feel confident informing their patients about certain aspects of vaccines, such as adjuvants. Overall, nearly one-quarter of them express doubts regarding the risks and benefits of certain vaccines. This skepticism, resulting in particular from recent controversies over vaccines such as those related to the A/H1N1 pandemic, is likely to contribute to insufficient vaccination coverage in France. The survey thus shows that expressing doubts about vaccines is associated with less consistent behavior regarding recommendations for various vaccines.[author’s abstract]