Early detection followed by the management of tuberculosis cases through appropriate and complete antituberculosis treatment are the main tools in the fight against tuberculosis. The proportion of cured cases is therefore a key indicator in evaluating tuberculosis control efforts. This article presents the first national results from the surveillance of treatment outcomes for reported cases of active tuberculosis in France. The data cover the situation within 12 months of treatment initiation for reported cases and are based on European definitions. Information was collected from the physicians who initiated treatment for 60% of cases reported in 2008. Among these cases, 73% had completed treatment, and 69% for smear-positive pulmonary cases. The proportion of completed treatments is below the WHO target and is explained in particular by the proportion of patients lost to follow-up and deaths among the elderly. These results nevertheless demonstrate the feasibility of such surveillance in France. However, patient care and support during treatment must be improved, and efforts to raise awareness among reporting physicians regarding the value of such surveillance must continue. (R.A.)