The data presented pertain to cases of active tuberculosis reported in France during 2009. In 2009, 5,276 cases of active tuberculosis were reported, representing 8.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. The number of tuberculosis cases in France decreased by 8.4% between 2008 and 2009. Île-de-France (15.8 per 105,000) and French Guiana (23.9 per 105,000) remained the regions with the highest reported rates in 2009. Reported rates in all other regions were below 10 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The characteristics of the cases are similar to those of previous years, with high reporting rates among individuals born abroad—particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (108.5/105)—and among people in precarious economic and social situations (homeless individuals, incarcerated persons). The decrease in the number of reported cases is difficult to explain without further studies, but changes in patients’ access to care, shifts in tuberculosis control practices, or surveillance biases may be factors. Efforts to ensure the quality of the data collected must continue so that the data can be useful for implementing tuberculosis control policies. (R.A.)