The results presented here pertain to cases of active tuberculosis reported in France during 2006 under mandatory reporting requirements. In 2006, the number of reported cases of active tuberculosis in France was 5,336, or 8.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The epidemiological situation is comparable to that of previous years and classifies France as a country with a low incidence of tuberculosis. However, the risk of active tuberculosis is higher in the Île-de-France region and French Guiana, as well as among people of Sub-Saharan African origin and the homeless. The departments with the highest incidence are those with a significant proportion of socioeconomically vulnerable populations. The national tuberculosis control program developed in 2007 aims to consolidate the decline in tuberculosis incidence and reduce disparities by ensuring rapid identification and treatment of cases. Epidemiological surveillance helps identify disparities and the most at-risk populations. Efforts to raise awareness of the importance of mandatory reporting must therefore continue, as must improvements in feedback mechanisms to ensure the dissemination of information to partners in the fight against tuberculosis. (R.A.)