The INPES Health Barometers provide regular monitoring of epidemiological indicators among the general population. These are random telephone surveys representative of the population of metropolitan France aged 15 to 75. The latest survey, conducted in 2010 among more than 27,000 individuals, shows a recent increase in smoking in France, after more than 20 years of decline. The overall results are nevertheless mixed: the proportion of smokers who smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day is declining, while the proportion of daily smokers appears to be increasing compared to 2005, particularly among women aged 45 to 65. This rise in smoking can be explained both by the fact that women of this generation were the first to truly take up smoking, and by the fact that they quit smoking less often than their older counterparts. Furthermore, the anti-smoking campaign appears to be more focused on secondhand smoke than it was between 2000 and 2005, a period marked by sharp price increases. However, the ban on smoking in public places, particularly in the workplace (2007), may have contributed to the decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked daily by smokers. (R.A.)