In France, the ban on smoking in public places took effect in February 2007 for workplaces, shopping centers, airports, train stations, hospitals, and schools. In January 2008, it was extended to social venues (bars, restaurants, hotels, casinos, and nightclubs). The evaluation presented in this article is part of the French component of International Tobacco Control (ITC), a project evaluating public policies to combat tobacco use. A cohort survey of approximately 1,500 smokers and 500 nonsmokers was conducted prior to the law’s implementation (Wave 1, December 2006 to February 2007); Wave 2 took place between September and November 2008, and Wave 3 between September and December 2012. The results from wave 2 show that the anti-smoking legislation led, as early as the end of 2008, to a near-total elimination of smoking indoors in key venues such as bars (from 95.9% to 3.7%) and restaurants (from 64.7% to 2.3%), persisting four years later (1.4% in restaurants, 6.6% in bars in Wave 3). Smoking in the workplace decreased significantly after the law took effect (from 42.6% to 19.3%) and continued to decline (to 12.8%) in Wave 3. Support for the public smoking ban increased significantly after its implementation and continued to rise by Wave 3 (among smokers regarding bars and restaurants, and among both smokers and nonsmokers regarding workplaces). The results demonstrate that tobacco control policies implemented in accordance with the guidelines under Article 8 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) lead to substantial and sustained reductions in secondhand smoke exposure in public places, as well as high levels of public support. [Author abstract]