Monitoring blood lead levels in children provides an overview of lead poisoning screening activities and reported cases. From 2008 to 2011, 23,793 children underwent their first blood lead level test. The number of children decreased by an average of 14% each year, falling from 7,240 in 2008 to 4,667 in 2011. The average probability of a child having a blood lead level test before the age of 7 was 0.6%. Screening was concentrated in the Île-de-France region (64%); it expanded in Réunion and French Guiana following the discovery of children with lead poisoning. At initial screening, 3.4% of children had a blood lead level of ≥100 μg/L; the geometric mean blood lead level was 21.6 μg/L. Between 200 and 300 new cases of lead poisoning were identified each year, for a total of 972. The main factors leading to their detection were substandard housing (68%), housing built before 1949 (58%), the presence of other poisoned children in the household (35%), and the presence of lead-based paint in the home (31%). No follow-up blood lead levels were recorded for 23% of children initially screened in 2008–2009 whose blood lead level was ≥100 μg/L. Additionally, during the study period, 1,489 children underwent an initial blood lead level test as part of an international adoption, including 606 in 2010. Nearly one in 10 children had a blood lead level of 100 μg/L; the geometric mean blood lead level was 32.6 μg/L. (R.A.)