Drawing on her experience working with young people in gynecological clinics (Adolescent Medicine Department at Kremlin-Bicêtre University Hospital), the author offers a critical analysis of recent surveys on sexuality conducted with the aim of preventing AIDS. She questions the scientific models underlying the design of these surveys by researchers—which may be disconnected from young people’s lived experiences—the risks of bias inherent in the wording of the questions, the validity of the analysis of the responses, as well as the cost-effectiveness and the risks of redundancy. All these factors lead her to question the methods chosen, based on the results of these surveys, for developing AIDS prevention initiatives targeting these population groups.