The widespread and repeated use of antibiotics in human and animal healthcare leads, over time, to an increase in bacterial resistance. In fact, antibiotics act not only on their specific target—the bacteria responsible for the infection being treated—but also, for the most part, on other targets such as the commensal bacteria of the digestive tract, which are beneficial and non-pathogenic. However, all bacteria are capable of acquiring antibiotic resistance. Thus, taking antibiotics—whether repeatedly or on a one-time basis—can lead to the emergence of resistant bacteria that will make subsequent antibiotic treatments less effective, not only for the patient in whom they appear but also for the community when they spread into the environment and are transmitted to other patients. To curb this phenomenon, it is important for everyone to have up-to-date knowledge about bacterial resistance and antibiotic use. The European Antibiotic Awareness Day on November 18, 2015, provides an opportunity to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public about the need to promote better use of available antibiotics and strengthen the fight against antibiotic resistance. To disseminate this information more widely, the InVS and the ANSM are presenting, for the second year, a joint document containing key figures on antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance to antibiotics in France over the past 10 years (2004–2014). For the first time this year, the document includes a description of the adverse effects associated with antibiotics reported for the year 2014.