Campylobacter species, particularly Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, have been identified as the leading cause of intestinal infection in developed countries. These infections can be severe and may require antibiotic treatment, with macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and amoxicillin being the most commonly used. In a small proportion of cases, an infectious complication may occur, such as sepsis with various secondary sites of infection. In such situations, combination antibiotic therapy is recommended, including gentamicin and either a beta-lactam or a fluoroquinolone. However, acquired resistance to these antibiotics has developed, with the exception of gentamicin. It is of interest to understand their evolution. The laboratory of the authors of this article, which became the National Reference Center for Campylobacter in 1993, has operated a surveillance network for Campylobacter infections based on hospital laboratories in mainland France since 1986. Here, they report on the evolution of resistance observed from 1986 to 2002. (R.A.)