Due to the development of bacterial resistance, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has consequences for the entire community. This problem has become so widespread that, since the early 2000s, authorities have developed surveillance programs and promoted initiatives aimed at controlling antibiotic use. This has resulted, over the past ten years, in a decline in antibiotic consumption, both in outpatient settings and in hospitals. However, this decline was more pronounced at the beginning of the period, and in recent years, a trend toward an increase has emerged. A detailed analysis of the results reveals that outpatient antibiotic consumption in France, which remains among the highest in Europe, is characterized by its heterogeneity. Women consume more than men; consumption varies significantly by age group; and, above all, significant regional disparities exist. In terms of drug types, the use of penicillins, either alone or in combination, remains predominant; however, the increasing use of certain "reserve" drugs is all the more concerning given that innovation is currently insufficient to address the therapeutic deadlocks faced by prescribers. (R.A.)