France is one of the countries with the highest number of reported malaria cases among European Union member states, with an estimated 7,000 cases per year. The National Reference Center for Malaria Chemoresistance (CNRCP) describes the chemoresistance profile of malaria imported into France so that health authorities can adapt chemoprophylactic and therapeutic recommendations. The study’s findings lead the authors to conclude that the primary cause of imported malaria is non-adherence to chemoprophylaxis rather than its inadequacy. Treatment failures are also most often due to non-adherence to the treatment regimen. (R.A.)