Following a request from the Alpes-Maritimes Departmental Health and Social Affairs Directorate (DDASS) regarding the health risks faced by residents of the municipality of Touet-de-l'Escarène exposed to arsenic levels in drinking water exceeding the maximum permissible concentration for water intended for human consumption, a health risk assessment was conducted to: - assess the health risk to the population if no measures were taken to limit arsenic intake, - assess the health benefit if measures were taken to limit arsenic intake. Arsenic in water is implicated in the development of skin cancer, bladder cancer, and lung cancer. It is also implicated in the development of peripheral vascular disease. The results of this assessment show that the risks of developing cancer for the exposed population exceed the so-called "acceptable" risk set by the WHO and that the tolerable daily intake defined by the US-EPA for non-carcinogenic risks is exceeded. Assuming that measures are taken quickly to distribute water meeting the 10 μg/L standard, more than half of the cancers attributable to arsenic in drinking water could be prevented. The health risk assessment process relies on a number of assumptions. In this study, the assumptions used result in an overestimation of the health risk. However, uncertainty remains regarding arsenic concentrations in the water supply and their trends, as these have only been known for a few months. Given the results of the health risk assessment conducted in the municipality of Touet-de-l'Escarène, measures to reduce arsenic levels in the water to below 10 micrograms per liter are urgently needed. If the technical solutions to achieve this were to take a long time to implement, the competent authorities should issue instructions not to consume tap water for food preparation. Furthermore, a testing campaign should be launched across all water intake facilities intended for human consumption in the Alpes-Maritimes to identify distribution systems facing the same issue, in order to determine the population exposed to arsenic in drinking water within this department and to take appropriate measures if necessary.