Key Points

Acute respiratory infections

• The winter season was marked by a regular succession of epidemic peaks of bronchiolitis (November), COVID-19 (September and December), and influenza (late January), with no overlap that could have exacerbated the impact on the healthcare system.

• The impact of the various winter epidemics corresponded to what was typically observed before the Covid-19 pandemic and since the end of the pandemic, with no unusual spikes in intensity in either the community or the hospital setting.

COVID-19

• After 4 years of monitoring Covid-19, no real seasonality has been observed.

• Several epidemic waves occurring throughout the year, with the largest occurring in winter.

• Successive mutations of the virus with the circulation of new variants that have not been associated with any concerning public health signals.

Vaccination

• Vaccination against influenza and COVID-19 remains a major public health priority for at-risk individuals and healthcare professionals. During the 2023–24 winter season:

  • 0% of severe cases were vaccinated against COVID-19;

  • 19% of severe cases were vaccinated against the flu.

Acute Gastroenteritis

• December 2023: peak in reports of foodborne illness linked to the consumption of oysters contaminated with norovirus.