Introduction: The controversy in France surrounding potential risks associated with hepatitis B vaccination appears to have led to a slowdown, or even a delay, in the vaccination of target populations since the mid-1990s. We present the results of an analysis of the hepatitis B vaccination status of children enrolled in first grade (CP) in Paris between 2002 and 2008. Method: A retrospective and descriptive study of the hepatitis B vaccination status of children born between 1997 and 2002 and enrolled in CP in Paris between 2002 and 2008, based on data from the City of Paris’s prevention department. Results: The analysis included 108,114 children for whom sociodemographic data were available and who had received at least one DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio) vaccination. Among them, 66,597 (61.6%) had started a hepatitis B vaccination series, 61,190 (56.6%) were considered “vaccinated” (at least 3 doses), and 47,489 (43.9%) were considered “properly vaccinated” (at least 3 doses with proper intervals). The sociodemographic factors significantly influencing vaccination coverage were: year and country of birth, and the Parisian arrondissement of residence. Conclusion: nearly 40% of the children in this cohort had not been vaccinated against hepatitis B upon entering first grade. They are now adolescents aged 12 to 17. Current data indicate that only one-third of them would have benefited from the catch-up strategy, reinforcing the need for particular vigilance regarding them.