The aim of this article is to analyze HIV testing behaviors among populations living in the French departments of the Americas (DFA) (Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana) and to identify how these behaviors differ from those in mainland France. The analyses are based on data from a survey conducted in 2004 in the DFA. A total of 3,014 individuals aged 18–69 were selected through random sampling. The results are compared with those of the survey conducted in mainland France in 2004 among 5,071 individuals. In the DFA, the proportion of people reporting having taken an HIV test in the past year is, among both men and women, twice as high as in mainland France. Nevertheless, among men, this use of testing appears to be only weakly associated with sexual behaviors, whereas among women in the DFA and in mainland France, testing is more frequent among those with multiple sexual partners. Furthermore, the significant proportion of tests conducted as part of "routine blood tests" constitutes one of the specific characteristics of the circumstances cited for testing. All these factors indicate that HIV testing appears to be less integrated into a prevention strategy than in mainland France, suggesting a need to strengthen testing outreach to individuals engaging in risky behaviors and to target populations most vulnerable to HIV. (R.A.)