Introduction - Guidelines for the management of acute diarrhea in children recommend the administration of oral rehydration solution (ORS). The objectives of this study are to describe the medications prescribed for diarrhea in infants and to identify the factors associated with the failure to prescribe ORS. Materials and Methods - The analysis focused on cases of diarrhea in infants under 1 year of age, identified from the Rhône-Alpes regional health insurance reimbursement database between 2004 and 2006. Variables associated with the non-prescription of ORS were identified using logistic regression. Results - A total of 63,591 cases of diarrhea were identified, of which 50% received an ORS and 60% received racecadotril, either alone or in combination with each other or with other medications. Factors associated with the absence of ORS were: prescription by a community physician vs. a hospital physician (OR=3.59; [95% CI: 3.39–3.79]; p<0.001); prescription by a general practitioner vs. a pediatrician (OR=2.06; [95% CI: 1.98–2.13]; p<0.001) and the presence of racecadotril (OR=2.75; [95% CI: 2.66–2.84]; p<0.001). Discussion-Conclusion - Recommendations on the management of acute diarrhea must be reiterated in the Rhône-Alpes region in accordance with the opinion of the French High Council for Public Health. The basis for reimbursement by the National Health Insurance is a valuable epidemiological tool that will enable the assessment of trends in prescriptions for ORS and other medications (R.A.)