Objectives - Pediatric cancers require special epidemiological surveillance, which justifies the existence of pediatric registries. Materials - Incidence, histological distribution, and overall survival were studied in children (ages 0–15) with malignant diseases diagnosed between 1986 and 2003 in Auvergne and between 1994 and 2003 in Limousin. Incidence and survival - A total of 724 tumors were recorded. The crude incidence over 18 years was 141.7 per 10,000 children per year, and the age-standardized incidence was 149.4 per 10,000 children per year. The 5-year overall survival rate was 69.9%. The age-standardized incidence per 10,000 children per year by histological type is as follows (survival in parentheses): leukemias 41.8 (68.9%), central nervous system tumors 33.1 (60.5%), lymphomas 16.9 (93.0%), tumors of the sympathetic nervous system 16.6 (60.5%), renal tumors 10.1 (84.7%), soft tissue tumors 8.5 (41.0%), bone tumors 8.0 (62.5%). Conclusion - Continuous data collection is an indispensable tool in pediatric oncology, providing information on epidemiology (incidence, survival), the organization of care pathways and long-term follow-up of children, and offering insights into variations in the incidence and survival rates of different childhood cancers, as well as enabling comparisons of results between different regions in France and between different countries. (R.A.)