Introduction: The short-term links between air pollution and health are well established. Although pollution "spikes" account for only a minor portion of the overall health impact attributable to air pollution, the severity and duration of the PM10 particulate matter air pollution episode that affected France beginning on March 6, 2014, led the Directorate General for Health to request, on March 14, 2014, that the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance monitor potential health impacts. Method: Relevant syndromic indicators were selected from the Health Surveillance of Emergencies and Deaths (SursauD®) system, including data from emergency departments in the Oscour® network and the SOS Médecins group of private practitioners. These indicators were monitored daily, by region and at the national level. The data were compared with those observed over the previous three years. Results: During this pollution episode, at both the national and regional levels, the fluctuations observed for all monitored indicators remained within expected ranges and were comparable to previous years, with the exception of Île-de-France, where there was an increase in asthma-related healthcare visits among children and young adults. Conclusion: the SurSaUD® system enabled a rapid analysis of emergency care utilization data, allowing us to rule out a major health impact from this episode. Interpretation of the data must take into account other factors influencing the indicators considered: meteorology, pollen levels; as well as the multifactorial nature of asthma and the small sample size observed. (R.A.)