The author of this study has sought to examine health prevention and education initiatives in light of social inequalities in health. The key issues surrounding this problem are identified, and avenues for future reflection and action are explored. The analysis draws on the concrete example of the nutritional situation in France and that of the National Nutrition and Health Program (PNNS). This study focuses on inequalities from the perspective of their social determinants. First, the concepts are clarified: exclusion, precariousness, and social health inequalities. Second, the various intervention strategies addressing social health inequalities implemented in France and abroad are identified. In the third part, communication strategies are reexamined, highlighting the potential negative effects of communication campaigns in health prevention and education regarding social health inequalities. The fourth part focuses on exploring new approaches to better address the reduction of social health inequalities in health prevention and education programs.