Objectives—Few studies have examined psychosocial risks among immigrants and their descendants and their association with mental health. The objectives of our study are: 1) to describe the prevalence of two indicators that encompass the dimensions of psychological demands, decision-making latitude, and isolation at work: job strain (low autonomy/high demands) and iso-strain (a combination of job strain and low social support) according to immigration status, and to model the probability of exposure; 2) to verify that the associations between job strain, iso-strain, and anxiety are similar across all groups (immigrants, descendants of immigrants). Methods—We used the 2016 national cross-sectional survey on Working Conditions and Psychosocial Risks (N=24,640). Anxiety was measured using the GAD-Mini score, a diagnostic tool for identifying generalized anxiety disorder. The prevalences of job strain and iso-strain were described according to immigration status and sex. Poisson regressions were used to model the probability of being exposed to job strain and iso-strain. The prevalence of anxiety was then described according to migration status and sex. In each population group, we modeled the probability of anxiety based on sociodemographic characteristics, mental health history, and experience with job strain or iso-strain.Results—The prevalence of psychosocial risks varies greatly by immigration status, with immigrants being more exposed than the majority population (neither immigrants nor descendants of immigrants). After adjustment, being an immigrant from Africa remains associated with job strain (adjusted incidence risk ratio: IRRa = 1.21; 95% CI: [0.99–1.47]), and being a descendant of an immigrant from Africa remains associated with iso-strain (IRRa = 1.33 [1.05–1.69]). The prevalence of anxiety was particularly high among descendants of immigrants from Africa (12%). In this population, job strain and iso-strain were associated with anxiety (IRRa for job strain = 2.70 [1.22–6.01]; IRRa for iso-strain = 4.26 [2.29–7.92]).Conclusion - Consistent with international research, our study shows that immigrants and descendants of immigrants are particularly vulnerable to job strain and iso-strain, which could contribute to a deterioration in their mental health.