Introduction - The objective of this study is to describe the links between mental health symptoms and the psychosocial environment at work. The data come from the workplace component of the Samotrace surveillance program, developed by the Occupational Health Department of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance. Methods - The sample was selected by random sampling from a population of employees at work, monitored by 110 occupational physicians in the Centre region and neighboring areas. Mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Psychosocial factors at work included, among others, an imbalance between effort and reward, overinvestment, and working in a manner that conflicts with professional ethics. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression. Results - The sample comprised 6,056 employees, 57% of whom were men. The prevalence of psychological distress is 24% among men and 37% among women. Effort-reward imbalance and overinvestment at work are significantly associated with psychological distress, regardless of gender. Furthermore, psychological distress is also associated with exposure to physical or psychological violence at work and with working in a manner that conflicts with professional ethics. Conclusion - The major limitation of this study stems from its cross-sectional nature, which does not allow for the establishment of causal links. Nevertheless, the results, derived from a sample covering a wide range of professions, are original and suggest some avenues for prevention. (R.A.)