Lyme borreliosis is transmitted in France by the Ixodes ricinus tick, which is endemic in metropolitan France. In the absence of a vaccine licensed for use in humans, primary prevention relies primarily on mechanical protection (clothing that covers most parts of the body), which may be supplemented by chemical protection (repellents). Secondary prevention relies on the early detection of ticks following exposure and their mechanical removal. There is currently no situation in France in which prophylactic antibiotics would be recommended. The incidence of Lyme borreliosis in France, estimated through a network of general practitioners (Sentinelles network) and a nationwide coding system for hospital stays, has not changed significantly between 2009 and 2017, with a mean incidence estimated at 53 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, leading to 1.3 hospital admissions per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Other tick-borne diseases are much less common in France: tick-borne encephalitis (around 20 cases/year), spotted-fever rickettsiosis (primarily Mediterranean spotted fever, around 10 cases/year), tularemia (50–100 cases/year, of which 20% are transmitted by ticks), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (< 10 cases/year), and babesiosis (< 5 cases/year). The main clinical presentations of Lyme borreliosis are cutaneous manifestations (primarily erythema migrans, much more rarely Borrelia-associated lymphocytoma and atrophic chronic acrodermatitis), neurological (< 15% of cases, mostly meningoradiculitis and cranial nerve palsy, especially facial nerve), and rheumatologic (mostly knee monoarthritis, with recurrences). Cardiac and ophthalmologic manifestations are very rarely encountered.