Introduction: Cancer was the leading cause of death among people living with HIV in France in 2010. The objective of this study is to assess trends in survival following a cancer diagnosis between 1992 and 2009 among people living with HIV. Methods: Using the French hospital database on HIV infection (ANRS CO4), survival following diagnosis of the three AIDS-defining cancers (Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cervical cancer) and the four most common non-AIDS-defining cancers (Hodgkin’s disease, lung, liver, and anal canal) was examined. Five-year survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator across four diagnosis periods: 1992–1996, 1997–2000, 2001–2004, and 2005–2009. Cox models were used to compare mortality across these periods, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, and transmission group, co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, AIDS status, and CD4 count at diagnosis. Five-year survival rates following a cancer diagnosis in 2001–2004, as estimated for the general population by the Francim network’s cancer registries, were reported. Results: Among the 99,230 individuals followed in the cohort, we identified 941 visceral SKs and 2,733 non-visceral SKs, 2,309 NHLs, 181 cervical cancers, 464 Hodgkin’s diseases, 444 lung cancers, 317 liver cancers, and 257 anal canal cancers. In 2005–2009, five-year survival rates were 17% (95% CI; 9%–26%) for lung cancer (13% in the general population), 20% (95% CI; 12%–29%) for liver cancer (10% in the general population), 63% (95% CI: 48%–75%) for anal canal cancer, and 65% (95% CI: 59%–70%) for NHL (53% in the general population), 73% (95% CI; 58%–84%) for cervical cancer (62% in the general population), 83% (95% CI; 72%–90%) for visceral SK, 87% (95% CI: 80%–92%) for Hodgkin’s disease (79% in the general population), and 92% (95% CI: 88%–95%) for non-visceral SK. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, an improvement in survival over recent periods was observed for SK, NHL, Hodgkin’s disease, and liver cancer, while no difference was observed for the other three cancers. Conclusion: Survival has improved over time for several of the cancers studied. For the most lethal cancers—liver and lung cancer—five-year survival rates in the most recent period among people living with HIV were close to those observed in the general population in France in 2001–2004. (R.A.)