This article presents the status of HIV infection and AIDS in France as of December 31, 2007, based on surveillance systems coordinated by the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS): mandatory reporting of HIV and AIDS, surveillance of HIV subtypes, and monitoring of HIV testing activity. In 2007, five million HIV serology tests were performed, a number stable compared to 2006, and approximately 10,600 of these tests were confirmed positive. Taking into account reporting delays and underreporting, the number of people who learned of their HIV-positive status in 2007 is estimated at approximately 6,500 [95% CI: 6,300–6,800]. This number has decreased since 2004, for which it was estimated at 7,500 [95% CI: 7,100–7,900]. Six out of 10 people who learned of their HIV-positive status in 2007 were infected through heterosexual intercourse, and among them, half were nationals of a sub-Saharan African country. Nevertheless, the number of HIV diagnoses among foreign nationals has continued to decline since 2003 among women and since 2005 among men. The number of new HIV diagnoses, however, increased among men who have sex with men between 2003 and 2006, then appears to have stabilized in 2007. Men who have sex with men account for 38% of all new HIV diagnoses. The proportion of HIV-2 infections was 2% in 2007. Among HIV-1 infections, the proportion of non-B subtypes, after declining between 2003 and 2005, stabilized in 2006 and 2007 (40%). The period from 2004 to 2007 was marked by an overall decrease in the number of new HIV diagnoses. This trend is primarily due to a decrease in new HIV diagnoses among people from sub-Saharan Africa, while at the same time the number of new diagnoses increased among men infected through homosexual intercourse. This latter observation is corroborated by the increase in sexually transmitted infections. Men who have sex with men continue to engage in sexual behaviors that put them at risk for HIV, and they do not appear to be internalizing prevention messages, despite the variety of prevention initiatives targeting this population. (R.A.)