The incidence of AIDS declined significantly in France starting in 1996, and then at a slower rate thereafter, thanks to new treatment strategies. This decline was less pronounced among people from sub-Saharan African countries, among whom there was even an increase in the number of new AIDS cases starting in 1999 (+72% between 1998 and 2001). This increase primarily affected people residing in the Île-de-France region and was more pronounced among women (+143%) than among men (+32%). To understand the reasons behind the recent increase in AIDS cases among this population and to better tailor prevention, screening, and care efforts for these individuals, the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS) conducted a descriptive study of HIV-positive patients from sub-Saharan Africa receiving care in hospitals in the Ile-de-France region. The article presents the methodology and results, including a sociodemographic profile of people living with HIV.