In May and June 2012, the national prevalence survey (ENP) of nosocomial infections (NI) and antimicrobial treatments in home hospitalization (HAD) included 179 HAD facilities and 5,954 patients; 55.3% of HADs in the public sector, 35.2% in the private sector, and 9.5% in the private sector of collective interest, and 36.8%, 45.6%, and 17.6% of patients, respectively. HAD "service units" affiliated with a healthcare facility accounted for 65.4% of participating HADs and contributed 40% of the patients included in the survey. A total of 403 patients (6.8%) had one or more active nosocomial infections, and 906 (15.2%) were treated with at least one anti-infective agent, 97% of whom were treated with at least one antibiotic. Just over half of the nosocomial infections (56%) were acquired from another facility, and 35.5% were acquired in the home care unit. The main characteristics and exposure to certain infection risk factors identified were age ≥65 years (58.1%), a McCabe score of 1 or 2 (49%), immunosuppression (25.4%), and active cancer (33.7%); 41.9% of patients had at least one invasive device: vascular catheter (31.5%, including 19% implantable catheter chambers and 2.7% peripherally inserted central catheters), urinary catheter (12.9%), intubation/tracheostomy (3.5%). Four infection sites accounted for approximately 3 out of 4 NIIs: urinary tract infection (26.9%), skin/soft tissue infection (17.6%), surgical site infection (15%), and respiratory infection (13.5%). The three most common microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (20.7%), Escherichia coli (20.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.1%). Resistance rates were 28.1% to methicillin for S. aureus, 21.7% to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) for E. coli, and 34.8% to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) for P. aeruginosa, respectively. Two classes of antibiotics accounted for more than 60% of the prescribed agents: beta-lactams (46.1%), primarily penicillins and 3G (25.0% and 16.0%, respectively), and fluoroquinolones (16.8%). By prescription context, patients were treated for community-acquired infections (40%) or for hospital-acquired infections (38%), and less frequently for medical antibiotic prophylaxis; the oral route (61.3%) was the most commonly used route of administration for antibiotics; the primary reason for prescription was documented in the patient’s medical record in 84.1% of cases. The 2012 ENP highlighted the importance of involving home healthcare agencies in a project to monitor HAI and the use of anti-infective agents. The participation of these facilities provides, for the first time, baseline data useful for adapting and guiding HAI control programs at the national and even local levels, and for strengthening initiatives promoting the appropriate use of antibiotics.