In May and June 2012, the national prevalence survey (ENP) of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial treatments included 1,938 healthcare facilities and 300,330 patients; 15,180 (5.1%) had one or more active NI, and 49,857 (16.6%) were being treated with at least one antibiotic. Among short-stay patients, these prevalence rates were 5.6% and 25.0%, respectively. Four infection sites accounted for more than two-thirds of all NI: urinary tract infection, pneumonia, surgical site infection, and bacteremia. The three most common microorganisms were Escherichia coli (17.6% resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, 3GCS), Staphylococcus aureus (38.1% methicillin-resistant, MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Five antibiotics accounted for half of the prescribed agents: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, ofloxacin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. By prescription context, patients were primarily treated for community-acquired infections or nosocomial infections, and less frequently for surgical or medical antibiotic prophylaxis. From 2006 to 2012, the prevalence of infected patients remained stable among short-stay patients and decreased by 21% among other types of patients. The prevalence of patients infected with MRSA decreased by 50%, but that of patients infected with C3GR Enterobacteriaceae increased by 38%. The prevalence of patients treated with antibiotics remained stable but increased significantly for certain compounds, including ceftriaxone and imipenem. These trends suggest a need to strengthen targeted efforts to combat healthcare-associated infections in short-stay care, to continue efforts to control the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and to develop initiatives for the appropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals. (R.A.)