Objectives: To study the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or C (CHC), as well as trends in these outcomes among the French hospitalized population between 2004 and 2011. Methods: Hospitalizations with a diagnosis of CHB or CHC were identified using the Medical Information Systems Program (PMSI). The number of patients hospitalized with CHB or CHC was divided by the total number of hospitalized patients to estimate in-hospital prevalence. Risk factors for death among patients hospitalized with HBC or complicated HCC (cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) were investigated. Results: Between 2004 and 2011, 54,409 patients with HBC and 161,387 with HCC were hospitalized; hospital prevalence increased for CHB (from 0.09% to 0.11%) and decreased for HCC (from 0.45% to 0.33%). 4,965 and 21,164 patients with HBC and HCC, respectively, died, with a complication diagnosed in 60.2% and 61.0% of cases. Mortality increased (HBC: from 4.9% to 7.7%; HCC: from 4.6% to 10.6%). Risk factors associated with death in patients with a complication were, for HBC: residence outside the Île-de-France region, age ≥50 years, diagnoses of CHC and alcohol dependence; for HCC: male sex, residence outside the Île-de-France region, home hospitalization, age ≥50 years, diagnoses of alcohol dependence, HCC, HIV co-infection, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusion: These results, consistent with data from specific epidemiological surveys, confirm the value of using the PMSI as a complementary surveillance tool for chronic hepatitis B and C, taking into account its biases and limitations. (R.A.)