Among patients who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), 5% are infected with the Delta virus (HDV) and face a particularly high risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our objectives were to estimate, using the National Health Data System (SNDS), the number of HDV screening tests (anti-HDV antibodies (Ab) and HDV RNA), to compare the number of anti-HDV Ab tests with the expected number calculated based on the estimated positivity rate of HBs antigen (HBsAg) tests, and to describe the characteristics of the tested patients and prescribers. Over the 2016–2022 period, 28,898,177 HBsAg tests, 162,055 anti-VHD Ab tests, and 21,963 VHD RNA tests were performed. The number of HBsAg tests increased by 45%, anti-HBV antibody tests by 130%, and HBV RNA tests by 206%. In 2016, 55% of expected anti-HBV antibody tests were performed, 69% in 2020, and 94.7% in 2022. However, by targeting two populations in 2022—pregnant women and patients being treated for chronic HBV hepatitis—0.26% and 26%, respectively, received anti-VHD antibody testing. Patients screened for HBsAg and anti-VHD antibodies were primarily located in the Paris region and in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Furthermore, 41.7% of patients tested for anti-VHD antibodies and 51.8% for VHD RNA had precarious housing status. Prescribers were predominantly private practitioners for HBV and employed physicians for VHD. Overall, VHD screening increased 2.3-fold from 2016 to 2022, but remains insufficient in certain populations.