The creation of the Institute for Health Surveillance led to an expansion of the scope of surveillance and necessitated a review of priorities in the field of chronic diseases and injuries. This process drew on consultations with a panel of public health experts, as well as representatives from the political sphere and the media, and members of the public. This consultation, initially in written form and later through workshops, helped identify ten major priorities for the InVS’s Department of Chronic Diseases and Injuries: cancers, accidents of daily life, nutrition, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, suicide and suicide attempts, senile dementia, health inequalities, domestic violence, mental health, and depression. The new priorities must meet four criteria: frequent (or even increasing) and serious problems, strong social and political demand, absence or inadequacy of information systems, and the technical, financial, and ethical feasibility of implementing surveillance. Existing information systems must be identified for all chronic conditions and their determinants. The implementation of specific programs must provide significant added value compared to existing efforts.