Objective: The association between insomnia and suicidal behavior has often been noted. Poor sleep exacerbates negative thoughts, and depression is most commonly associated with poor sleep. But is the risk of suicide linked to poor sleep or to insufficient sleep duration? The purpose of this analysis is to clarify the link between sleep duration and suicidal behavior. Methods: As part of the Health Barometer, a general population survey, 126,370 individuals aged 18–75 were interviewed about their health behaviors, specifically their sleep duration and suicide risk, based on three questions: - In the past 12 months, have you thought about committing suicide? - During your lifetime, have you attempted suicide? - Did this attempt occur within the last 12 months? Results: In our group, 510 subjects had experienced suicidal thoughts in the past 12 months, and 832 had attempted suicide in their lifetime, including 38 in the past 12 months. Lifetime suicide attempts are significantly more common among short sleepers (<30 min/night): 12.3% vs. 5.7% for average sleepers (5–7 hours/night) (p < 10⁻⁴). They are also more common among individuals with sleep debt: 11% vs. 5.7% (p < 0.001). Insomnia increases the lifetime risk of suicide: 16.1% vs. 5.7% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are significantly more common among short sleepers, individuals with sleep debt, or those complaining of insomnia.