The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of anisakiasis in France following the emergence of new culinary trends, such as the growing consumption of raw fish (sushi). This retrospective study was conducted from 2010 to 2014 and involved collecting case reports from all university hospital parasitology and mycology laboratories in France. It was supplemented by an analysis of data from the National Allergy Surveillance Network (RAV) and data from the Medical Information Systems Program (PMSI). Thirty-seven cases of anisakiasis were identified by the parasitology laboratories: 6 confirmed cases with the worm detected in a digestive tract sample, 13 possible cases defined by abdominal pain following consumption of raw fish and a positive test for anti-Anisakis precipitins, and 18 cases of allergic anisakiasis defined by acute allergic reactions following fish consumption and associated with the presence of anti-Anisakis IgE. Six additional cases of severe allergy to Anisakis worms were reported to the RAV during the same period. Analysis of PMSI data identified 43 hospitalized patients with an anisakiasis code as the primary or associated diagnosis. Compared to previous studies, this survey indicates a decrease in anisakiasis cases but shows that the allergenic potential of Anisakis is emerging and that its public health significance warrants further investigation.