The author, a hospital practitioner and health education professional, presents his vision of an essential approach to caring for people with chronic or long-term illnesses, which includes education that empowers them to take charge of their own care. He provides the definition of the concept by Alain Deccache (a specialist in the field), then briefly reviews the methodology for its implementation and evaluation, taking into account improvements in patients’ health status and quality of life, as well as the reduction of hospital morbidity and mortality linked to their risky behaviors (addictions, risky sexual practices, etc.) It highlights the essential role of the healthcare professionals involved, through the relationship established that goes beyond the scope of medical care and draws on the findings of educational science, psychology, and anthropology.