Introduction: We describe the characteristics of an outbreak of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (ERG) at a 2,000-bed teaching hospital and the measures implemented to control it. Methods: Cases were defined as patients with ERG colonization or carriage. This is a descriptive study combined with a case-control investigation for the first 16 cases. Control measures were based on a screening strategy using rectal swabs, an alert system, enhanced hand hygiene practices, contact precautions, and restrictions on the use of certain antibiotics. Results: From January 2004 to August 2007, 228 patients were identified across 28 departments, 170 through screening swabs and 58 through diagnostic specimens. All patients had a history of multiple and recent hospitalizations. Treatment with third-generation cephalosporins or beta-lactamase inhibitors and the presence of a urinary catheter were identified as risk factors. Genotypic analysis of the strains confirmed the clonal spread of an epidemic strain. Strict enforcement of contact precautions led to the temporary closure of beds in double rooms. Recommendations for the prudent prescribing of antibiotics were issued to all prescribers. Conclusion: The outbreak was effectively controlled during the first half of 2007. A policy of actively screening carriers is being maintained to detect and control any recurrence of ERG as early as possible. (R.A.)