Introduction - The objective of this study was to describe, among the population residing in French Polynesia, the risk factors (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, an unbalanced diet, and lack of physical activity) for noncommunicable diseases such as obesity and high blood pressure. Method - This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010 using the STEPwise model proposed by the World Health Organization, among a representative sample of the Polynesian population consisting of 3,469 individuals aged 18 to 64 years, distributed across all the archipelagos. Sociodemographic and behavioral data from participants were collected via a questionnaire administered in their homes. Physical measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure) were also recorded. Results - The survey results allow for an estimation of the prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in French Polynesia: 41.0% of smokers, 40.4% of obese individuals, and 26.7% of individuals with high blood pressure. The average amount of alcohol consumed on a single occasion is 10.8 standard drinks, and only 12.7% of the population consumes at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Conclusion - The results of this survey suggest that French Polynesia has a significant number of people at high risk for noncommunicable diseases. Consequently, existing prevention programs should be strengthened, and regular monitoring of risk factors for these diseases should be implemented through similar surveys repeated every ten years. (R.A.)