Human botulism is a rare but serious neurological condition that has been a reportable disease since 1986. Laboratory diagnosis is performed by the National Reference Center for Anaerobic Bacteria and Botulism. This study presents the situation regarding human botulism in France for the period 2010–2012, based on these two data sources. During this period, 24 confirmed botulism outbreaks, involving 51 people, were identified: 11 type A outbreaks (23 cases), 10 type B outbreaks (24 cases), and 1 type E outbreak (1 case). The source of botulism, regardless of type, was foodborne in 21 outbreaks (48 cases); the other 3 cases were due to intestinal colonization by Clostridium botulinum, including 2 cases of infant botulism. All cases of type A botulism were severe forms requiring intensive care with mechanical ventilation, resulting in one death, whereas cases of type B and E botulism had a milder course. Among the 51 patients observed, the most frequently reported symptoms were diplopia (60%) and dysphagia (59%). The food responsible was biologically confirmed in 14 of the 21 food-borne outbreaks. Homemade preparations were implicated in 10 of the confirmed food-borne outbreaks (ham: 6 type B botulism outbreaks; and canned vegetables: spinach and asparagus in 2 type B botulism outbreaks; green beans and eggplant in 2 type A outbreaks). Commercially available products were responsible for the other 4 confirmed outbreaks (preparations made with olives and sun-dried tomatoes, fresh pasta preparations in 3 Type A outbreaks, and a pâté in one Type B outbreak). (R.A.)