Objectives: This study examines the factors associated with the medical and social care of patients with pleural mesothelioma included in the National Mesothelioma Surveillance Program (PNSM) in France. Method: Occupational disease reports (DMP) and claims filed with the Asbestos Victims Compensation Fund (FIVA) for confirmed cases of mesothelioma were analyzed (n=2,772 patients) over the period 1999–2011. Chi-square, Fisher’s, and Student’s t-tests, as well as an unconditional logistic regression model, were used to test for associations with various variables (sex, age at diagnosis, socio-professional category, marital status, probability of occupational exposure to asbestos, social security scheme, department of residence). Results: Among the 2,131 subjects studied under the General Social Security Scheme (RGSS) for the period 1999–2011, 62% filed a DMP. Factors associated with the DMP among men were: age under 65, blue-collar worker status, living with a partner, and identified occupational exposure to asbestos (possible, probable, or certain). Among the 1,891 subjects identified during the 2005–2011 period, 58% had submitted a claim to Fiva. This proportion varied by department and was linked to occupational exposure to asbestos. Of the 1,493 subjects covered by the RGSS during the same period (2005–2011), 47% had both filed a DMP and submitted a claim to Fiva; 13% had only filed a DMP, 14% had only filed a claim with Fiva, and 26% had taken no action. Conclusion: These results confirm the importance of improving information for healthcare professionals treating these patients, in order to raise their awareness of the medical and social issues associated with pleural mesothelioma.